Czytasz wypowiedzi wyszukane dla słów: Pro Lighting
Temat: ile prądu pobiera komputer???
Pojmal durjak!
durjak lukesky1 napisał:
> 500 W?????? Przeciez to nie suszarka!
>
> Wiekszosc komputerow ma zasilacze 200-350W i przeciez nie pracuja one pelna
> moca, bo niby w co ma ta moc isc, jezeli podzespoly zuzywaja np. 200W.
Kalkulowanie max mocy zasilacza
CPU
AMD 2500 - (70 Watts)
Athlon64 FX (110 Watts)
Opteron (100W each)
Pentium 4 (100 Watts)
RAM DDR
128 MB (4 Watts each)
512 MB RAM (16 Watts)
1 GB (30 Watts)
2 GB (56 Watts)
4 GB (100 Watts)
Other Hardware automatically taken into the equation (36 Watts):
Motherboard (25 Watts)
Floppy Drive (5 Watts)
Keyboard & Mouse (3 Watts)
CPU FAN (3 Watts)
Video Card
ATi Radeon 9700/9800 PRO (54 Watts)
nVidia 6800 Ultra (120 Watts)
Hard Disk Drives (25 Watts each)
Optical Drives:
CD-ROM Drive (20 Watts)
DVD-ROM Drive (25 Watts)
CD-RW Drive (20 Watts)
DVD/CDRW Combo Drive (30 Watts)
DVD-RW / DVD+RW Drive (25 Watts)
Zip Drive (10 Watts)
PCI Cards:
Sound Blaster - All Models (7 Watts)
Sound Blaster w/ Front Bay (18 Watts)
Network Card (4 Watts)
Modem (4 Watts)
SCSI Controller Card (25 Watts)
Additional PCI Cards (avg) (5 Watts)
2 Additional PCI Cards (avg) (10 Watts)
6 USB Devices (5 Watts each) (30 Watts)
2 FireWire Device (8 Watts each) (16 Watts)
Other Accessories:
80mm System Fan (2 Watts)
2 ea 80mm System Fans (4 Watts)
4 ea 80mm System Fans (8 Watts)
80mm Lighted System Fan (3 Watts)
2 ea 80mm Lighted System Fans (6 Watts)
Cold Cathode Tube Light (3 Watts)
Internal 6-N-1 Memory Bay (10 Watts)
Typowe PC:
CPU AMD Athlon 3200 (70 Watts)
CPU FAN (3 Watts)
Motherboard (25 Watts)
Keyboard & Mouse (3 Watts)
512 MB RAM (16 Watts)
Video
ATi Radeon (54 Watts)
Audio:
Sound Blaster (7 Watts)
Additional PCI Cards (avg) (5 Watts)
Hard Disk
2 x 25 Watts (50 Watts)
DVD/CDRW Combo Drive (30 Watts)
DVD-RW / DVD+RW Drive (25 Watts)
Network Card (4 Watts)
Modem (4 Watts)
6 x USB Device (5 Watts each) (30 Watts)
2 x FireWire Device (8 Watts each) (16 watts)
4 ea 80mm System Fans (8 Watts)
i juz masz swoje "350 W"!
Your Recommended Minimum Power Supply is 444 Watts!!
Dodaj jeszcze 2 Hard Disk i masz (4 hard disks):
Your Recommended Minimum Power Supply is 509 Watts!!
Teraz pomnoz przez Power Factor x 0.75
i pomnoz przez reserve na przyszla rozbudowe: 1.30
www.jscustompcs.com/power_supply______________________________________
Power factor x 0.75
Reserve for expansion x 1.30
Tjepier pojmal durjak czto eto cybernaja matchina njet:
> 500 W?????? Przeciez to nie suszarka! ?
Temat: A czy ktoś wie, co tam u Palestynów
Israeli army 'targeted' peace activist
Parents of injured British student demand investigation into 'deliberately
reckless actions'
By Andrew Johnson and Justin Huggler in Jerusalem
13 April 2003
The parents of a British student shot in the head by Israeli troops yesterday
accused the Israeli government of "deliberate recklessness".
Tom Hurndall, 21, is in a critical condition in Bir Sheva hospital and may be
brain damaged after being shot by a sniper on Friday.
Yesterday his father, Anthony Hurndall, 52, said: "The Israeli government and
the Israeli military will have something to answer. There will be questions. I
want to know what happened. I want it to be brought to light."
Speaking with his wife Jocelyn at home in north London, before leaving for
Israel, Mr Hurndall, a lawyer, referred to suspicions that the Israeli army has
begun targeting "human shields".
"I think the army is deliberately careless if not deliberately reckless as to
who they target," he said.
Tom Hurndall is the third Western activist shield to be seriously hurt in the
last month. Rachel Corrie, from the US, was killed by a bulldozer she was
trying to prevent from moving last month. Brian Avery, 24, an American, was
shot in the face in the West Bank, in Jenin, last week.
Tom's parents say he was walking down a street in Rafah, in Gaza, with other
peace activists when they heard gunfire and locals ran for cover.
Tom saw three children exposed on a mound and went to collect them. He carried
one to safety and was returning for another when he was shot, his mother said.
His bright clothing identified him as a peace activist, she added. His father
said: "In that situation, to be shot seems extraordinary."
Tom Wallace, of the International Solidarity Movement, said local children had
come to watch the activists' protest, as they often did. He said shots were
being fired over the protesters' heads from one of two Israeli watchtowers
nearby. "The activists and all the women and kids decided to move away," he
said. "They were moving very slowly, and he was standing in front of the women
and kids to protect them while they were moving.
"They were trying to evacuate the area and that is when he was shot." Mr
Wallace said a high-calibre bullet hit Mr Hurndall, suggesting it had been
fired by a nearby sniper. "The only way that the truth about this incident will
be established is if the British Government demands and carries out a full
investigation."
Tom's mother said the first-year photography student in Manchester was "first
and foremost a humanitarian". "He was not primarily political. He just wanted
to help people.
"He had only been a member of the peace group for five days ... I can't think
of anyone more suited to be a peace campaigner."
Tom had initially travelled to Baghdad before the war in Iraq to act as a human
shield. Unhappy with the Iraqi government's treatment of peace activists, he
left for Jordan, a move that left his parents feeling relieved. "I didn't know
he had gone into Gaza, into the camps," his father said. "I was relieved when I
heard he had left Iraq," he said.
During the interview with The Independent on Sunday a doctor treating Tom at
the hospital in Israel phoned to say he had come out of an operation that had
stemmed the bleeding from the wound and "cleared up debris". His condition was
stable but it was too early to say if he would be left brain damaged.
The family only found out about the shooting when his elder sister received a
phone call from a tabloid newspaper on Friday. "We had a family weep this
morning," said Tom's mother, head of learning support at a primary school.
Tom's girlfriend, Michelle, who is also a member of ISM, was said to be at his
bedside.
The Foreign Office in London said consulate officials in Britain and Jerusalem
were ready to assistTom's family.
Mr Hurndall's fellow activists were yesterday deliberating whether to stay on
in Rafah – some believe they are being deliberately targetted by the Israeli
army.
Raphael Cohen, from London, who was standing a few feet from Mr Hurndall when
he was shot, said he and other activists had stayed on in Rafah despite seeing
their colleague shot in the head.
The ISM has been denounced by the Israeli authorities as one-sided. The
activists are pro-Palestinian but they are unarmed.
"The Israelis are clearly taking advantage of the international attention on
Iraq to target us," Mr Cohen said. "We have a good presence in Rafah and I
think that has prevented the Israelis doing some of what they want here."
Temat: 60,000 Israelis Take Part in Largest Peace Demo Si
60,000 Israelis Take Part in Largest Peace Demo Si
60,000 Israelis Take Part in Largest Peace Demo Since Start of Intifada
TEL AVIV, May 12 - More than 60,000 Israelis turned out Saturday, May 11, for
the largest peace demonstration in the 19-month-old intifada (uprising) as the
Israeli occupation army held off a planned offensive in the densely-populated
Gaza Strip, news agencies reported.
Israeli police said 60,000 Jewish and Arab Israelis urging the government to
end the occupation of the Palestinian territories attended the Tel Aviv peace
rally. The Peace Now movement, which organized the rally, put the figure at
100,000.
The demonstration gathered in Rabin Square, named after the assassinated
Israeli prime minister, Yitzhak Rabin.
"This is radical. This turnout is on the basis that one day we will return to
the 1967 borders with Jerusalem as the capital of two states and the
elimination of the settlements," Peace Now spokesman Arye Arnon told Agence
France Presse (AFP).
The demonstration was attended by scores of Israeli left-wing figures,
including the leader of the main opposition Meretz party, Yossi Sarid, who said
the turn-out was a sign that "there is a peace camp in Israel and it is raising
its voice."
"From tonight, [Israeli Prime Minister Ariel] Sharon can be assured there is no
consensus for a military operation" in Gaza, he added.
The demonstration piled domestic pressure on top of reported U.S. efforts to
prevent Sharon from launching a large-scale military operation in the Gaza
Strip.
As Israel's peace camp made its biggest showing since the outbreak of the
intifada which has cost more than 2000 lives, hopes that regional tension might
ease were also boosted by a mini Arab summit gathering the leaders of Egypt,
Syria and Saudi Arabia in the Red Sea resort of Sharm El-Sheikh.
A statement issued after the meeting between the region's main players said the
leaders, often at odds over the path to follow for Middle East peace, "restated
the Arabs' sincere determination to achieve peace and their rejection of all
forms of violence."
At the Tel Aviv rally, Israel's parliamentary speaker Avraham Burg, famous for
his public condemnations of the occupation of Palestinian territories, called
for his Labor party to withdraw from Sharon's mainly right-wing government
coalition.
The protest, organized by the Peace Now movement, also called on the Israeli
government to pursue the Saudi peace plan which specifies a full withdrawal in
return for full peace with Arab countries, reported BBC’s online news service.
On Monday, May 6, former Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu addressed
tens of thousands of Jewish demonstrators who gathered for a protest in central
London's Trafalgar Square in support of Israel.
The Israeli solidarity rally, held on a bank holiday, was the largest of its
kind ever staged by the Jewish community in Britain and numbered more than
30,000 people, according to police estimates, reported AFP.
Protesters waved blue-and-white Israeli flags and banners reading "Yes to
peace, no to terror" and "Suicide bombers kill people and peace."
"Britain stands before another road now and it must choose between two opposing
paths. The path of appeasing terror or the path of confronting terror,"
Netanyahu told the rally.
Calling on other nations to support Israel, Netanyahu added: "Israel is
determined to fight. The question isn't whether Israel will fight but whether
we will fight alone."
Amid loud cheering, he labeled Palestinian President Yasser Arafat a terrorist
and said: "The path to peace does not go through Arafat, it does not go around
Arafat, it must go over Arafat."
The former Israeli leader said the only route to peace would be with the
ousting of Arafat and putting a new leader in his place.
At a rival demonstration on the other side of Trafalgar Square, on the same
day, in support of the Palestinian people, police said about 300 protesters
showed up, some carrying a banner which read "War on terrorism is war on
Israel."
Police initially put the pro-Palestinian crowd at 3,000 but later lowered their
estimate.
Massoud Shadjareh, chairman of the Islamic Human Rights Commission, said: "We
simply felt the Israeli rally was provocative and felt we needed to campaign
against that.
"We feel that in the light of recent massacre in Jenin it's extremely
insensitive to organize a rally and blatantly say they support the state of
Israel. It is offensive."
Temat: Ray Bradbury
Cytaty
ANIMATION:
The animated cartoon is just about the purest, least arguable, most invigorating art form invented since mankind did shadow shows with wriggling fingers, then trapped them in cave- wall graffiti 200 generations ago...
I wonder how many men, hiding their youngness, rise as I do, Saturday mornings, filled with the hope that Bugs Bunny, Yosemite Sam and Daffy Duck will be there waiting as our one true always and forever salvation? ("Why Cartoons Are Forever" by Ray Bradbury, Los Angeles Times, Dec. 3, 1989.)
.
ASIMOV, ISAAC:
One could call him a jackdaw, but that wouldn't be correct, jackdaws focus on and snatch bright objects of no particular weight. Isaac is in the mountain moving business, but he does not move them, but eat them...
People have said Isaac is a workaholic. Nonsense. He has gone mad with love in ten dozen territories... when Isaac departs earth and arrives Up There [he'll] write twenty-five new books of the Bible. And that only the first week! (1989)
.
BRADBURY:
When people ask me where I get by imagination, I simply lament, "God, here and there, makes madness a calling."
.
CENSORSHIP:
There is more than one way to burn a book.
You don't have to burn books to destroy a culture. Just get people to stop reading them.
Every minority, be it Baptist/Unitarian, Irish/Italian/Octogenarian/Zen Buddhist, Zionist/Seventh- day Adventist, Women's Lib/Republican, Mattachine/Four Square Gospel feels it has the will, the right, the duty to douse the kerosene, light the fuse. Every dimwit editor who sees himself as the source of all dreary blanc-mange plain porridge unleavened literature, licks his guillotine and eyes the neck of any author who dares to speak above a whisper or write above a nursery rhyme. ("Coda" 1979)
...I discovered that, over the years, some cubby-hole editors at Ballantine Books, fearful of contaminating the young, had, bit by bit, censored some 75 separate sections from [Fahrenheit 451]. Students, reading the novel which, after all, deals with censorship and book-burning in the future, wrote to tell me of this exquisite irony. ("Coda" 1979)
For it is a mad world and it will get madder if we allow the minorities, be they dwarf or giant, orangutan or dolphin, nuclear-head or water-conversationalist, pro-computerologist or Neo- Luddite, simpleton or sage, to interfere with aesthetics. ("Coda" 1979)
.
CLONING
Why would you clone people when you can go to bed with them and make a baby? C'mon, it's stupid. .(Salon Magazine, 2001)
COMPUTERS & THE INTERNET:
Bill Gates and his partners are flimflamming America. (1995)
I don't understand this whole thing about computers and the superhighway. Who wants to be in touch with all of those people? (Brown Daily Herald, March 24, 1995.)
Who do you want to talk to? All those morons who are living across the world somewhere? You don't even want to talk to them at home. (On the topic of Internet chat rooms)
Video games are a waste of time for men with nothing else to do. Real brains don't do that. On occasion? Sure. As relaxation? Great. But not full time
Temat: Kod open-source jest coraz lepszy
No to sie posmiejemy ;)
> A jak dziala OS?
OS dziala mniej wiecej tak:
- Kazio budzi sie rano. Sam. Jest mu smutno.
- Kazio wypija kawe, sprawdza konto w WoW. Nadal jest na 80tym poziomie, nadal ma juz wszystkie sety.
- Kazio wypatruje przez okno listonosza, ktory przyniesie mamie rente. Niestety, jest dopiero piaty, a renta przychodzi pietnastego.
- Kazio doznaje olsnienia: zostanie autorem najbardziej innowacyjnego projektu w historii IT - stworzy cos, co jeszcze nigdy nie powstalo: komunikator internetowy z wbudowanym klientem P2P oraz mozliwoscia tagowania znajomych i eksportu danych w formacie XML.
- Kazio zaczyna projekt, ale mama na niego krzyczy, wiec Kazio wylacza komputer i idzie do szkoly.
- Po paru godzinach Kazio wraca z glowa pelna nowych pomyslow - dolozy jeszcze edytor tekstu, kalkulator oraz cos o czym nie mozna zapomniec: obsluge skorek.
(...)
Trzy miesiace pozniej:
- Kazio budzi sie rano. Sam. Jest mu smutno.
- Kazio wypija kawe, sprawdza konto w WoW. Nadal jest na 80tym poziomie, nadal ma juz wszystkie sety.
- Kazio wylacza WoW, zamyka matke w szafie i siada do pisania swojego arkusza kalkulacyjnego z obsluga P2P i wbudowanym czatem.
- Dobrze mu idzie - napisal juz obsluge skorek. Niestety, ostatnio spedzil troche czasu przy pisaniu biblioteki do skalowania bitmap.
(...)
Uplywaja trzy lata. Kazio ma juz znajomych, ktorzy z nim wspolpracuja. Zdazyli stworzyc dwie odmiany jezyka programowania, ktore kompiluje ich kompilator z obsluga arkuszy obliczeniowych, ktory ma tez klienta Skype. Ilosc skorek przekroczyla juz dwiescie. Jest tylko problem - kalkulator myli sie przy dodawaniu a na dodatek jego byly kolega, Ziutek, wszedzie pisze ze jego kompilator jest gorszy, bo nie ma tetrisa i obslugi ZiutekStandard.
A, Kazio nadal jest na 80tym levelu w WoW. Rozwaza teraz rozszerzenie funkcji arkusza kalkulacyjnego na edycje wideo i dodanie nowych skorek. No i Zbyszek ostatnio sie z nim polaczyl, jego projekt symulatora babci klozetowej troche podupadl, ale dzieki polaczeniu maja wiecej skorek.
(...)
Kilka miesiecy pozniej do Kazia usmiechnela sie Marysia. Niestety, tak to wstrzasnelo Kaziem, ze niechcacy skasowal swoje konto w WoW i teraz nie ma czasu zajac sie projektem, bo musi odzyskac wszystkie swoje sety...
Mniej wiecej w ten sposob?
> aGPL i platna. Moze mi wyjasnisz co tu jest wynajdywaniem kola?
Nie mowie ze dotyczy to kazdego projektu. Ile masz w tym momencie zainstalowanych interpreterow jezykow skryptowych? Ile roznych nakladek na te jezyki do obslugi GUI?
> Kolejny przyklad :
Kolejny przyklad, aplikacji korzystajacej z db4o:
sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/jgnash/index.php?title=Main_Page
Czytamy:
jGnash uses a light-weight messaging system to send engine events to the user interface. This allows for a very loose coupling between GUI components. The end result is less code and a very robust user interface. Eventually, jGnash will be able to support multiple users at the same time, or even allow updating an account using email messages sent home from work or while on vacation. The messaging system is designed to prevent memory leaks if a listening component is no longer used and does not remove itself from the message queue. The message queue will detect unused components and remove them automatically.
A w rzeczywistosci? Uzycie db4o sprawia ze aplikacja nadaje sie do przechowywania co najwyzej 200 transakcji na trzech kontach. Kiedy probowalem zapisywac codzienne wydatki (firmowe i prywatne), po miesiacu dzialala wolniej niz Vista na Pentium Pro.
Warstwa sieciowa to fikcja - Gigabitowa siec lokalna jest zbyt malo wydajna.
> Zapewne to banda dyletanotw. Jeden rzut okiem na licencje i juz widac ze to kiepscy programisci...
Niestety, z licencji tego nie widac, wystarczy popatrzec jak dziala :)
Temat: Co to sie w Hutzpalandzie wyprawia!
Ciekawy raport (oczywiscie antysemicki)
No coz, nie wszyscy zydzi w Izraelu sa tak zaslepieni jak nasze forumowe
towazydostwo.
Ministerstwo spraw zagranicznych Izraela ostrzega rzad iz reszta swiata a
zwlaszcza Europa ma dosc tej hutzpy i ze grozi to Hutzpalandowi zajeciem
miejca ktore miala dawna RPA. Hutzpaland coraz bardziej jest postrzegany jako
rasistowski, sztuczny twor, a jego polityka prowadzi do niekonczacych sie
konfliktow. Powoli w Europie zaczyna sie uwazac, ze Izrael to nieudany
eksperyment. Tylko dokad ci Zydzi wyjada?
Foreign Ministry warns Israel, Europe on collision course
By Haaretz Service and the Associated Press
A secret report prepared by the Foreign Ministry warns that Israel's global
standing could deteriorate in the coming decade and could even resemble the
pariah status of apartheid South Africa.
According to the document, which was written in August by the ministry's Center
for Political Research, Israel and Europe will find themselves on a collision
course that will cause serious economic and diplomatic damage to Israel.
Israel could become increasingly isolated in the coming years if Europe becomes
more influential, the Foreign Ministry report says.
"In extreme circumstances, this could put Israel on a collision course with the
European Union. Such a collision course holds the risk of Israel losing
international legitimacy and could lead to its isolation, in the manner of
South Africa," according to the document.
"The EU could sharpen its expectation that Israel will comply with
international norms ... and honor the authority of the United Nations and its
agencies - an issue that has the potential of leading to friction," the
analysts wrote.
The document says the EU is pushing to become a major global player in the next
decade, and that as a result, the United States, Israel's main ally, could lose
international influence.
In light of ongoing European criticism of Israeli policies in the West Bank and
Gaza Strip, a more powerful Europe could weaken Israel's position.
The paper also examines various scenarios for the development of Israel's
relationship with Europe and Russia.
Foreign Minister Silvan Shalom has repeatedly warned that Israel has to work to
strengthen ties with Europe, which also accuses of pro-Palestinian bias, and
has expressed concerns over a growing wave of anti-Semitism in parts of Europe.
The report says a new form of anti-Semitism is developing in Europe, one which
denies Israel's legitimacy as a sovereign Jewish state.
EU officials in Brussels said that while the EU and Israel have sound relations
in the areas of trade and scientific research, they have very definite
differences of opinion over Middle East peacemaking.
They also said the EU is seeking more of a say.
"Regarding the Middle East peace process and our relations with Israel and the
Palestinians, there is no doubt that the role of the EU has increased," said
Christina Gallach, a spokeswoman for EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana.
"We have had difficult moments [with Israel] when we responded to things like
the West Bank wall and now what is happening in Gaza," Gallach said, referring
to the separation fence in the West Bank and the ongoing major military
offensive in northern Gaza.
Europe fiercely objects to the route of the fence, and EU foreign ministers
called this week for the Israel Defense Forces to withdraw from the northern
Strip.
Gallach said the Israeli government wants to broaden the relationship with
Europe, without giving the EU a bigger role in resolving the conflict.
"The situation is not easy but we have a lot of investment, especially in
Europe, that is important to all of us," Foreign Ministry director-general Ron
Prushor told Army Radio on Wednesday.
"When it comes to our economy, which is geared towards developing markets, we
are talking about a scope of trade totaling $22 billion."
Temat: SPRZEDAM NOWEGO LAPTOPA!!! TANIO!!!
SPRZEDAM NOWEGO LAPTOPA!!! TANIO!!!
Acer Aspire 5100-5674 15,4". Dwurdzeniowy AMD Athlon 64 X2 TK-53
(1,7GHz x 2, 2x256KB L2 cache), 160GB HDD, 1GB DDR2, Build-in
802.11gb wireless, 256MB ATI Radeon Xpress 1100 HyperMemory,
wbudowana kamera. Dokładniejszy opis:
Acer Aspire 5100-5674 15.4" Widescreen Laptop Computer
Mid-size notebook: This Acer Aspire notebook is a mid-size notebook,
perfect for light traveling or staying at home. This Aspire notebook
features a speedy 64-bit processor, ATI® Radeon® graphics, built-in
webcam and enhanced wireless so you can handle demanding tasks, even
if you’re away from your desk.
Dual core/64-bit processing: The 1.7GHz AMD Athlon 64 X2 TK-53 has
two processing engines that work together, providing much more power
than standard 1.7GHz processors. This processor can also process 64
bits of information at once, twice as much as older 32-bit
processors. AMD PowerNow! enhances mobile performance and extends
battery life.
This notebook features 1GB of advanced DDR2 system memory—more than
enough to handle your everyday computing needs.
HyperTransport technology works like a fully-integrated frontside
bus that increases bandwidth, reduces bottlenecks and enables
processors to work more efficiently.
L2 caches keep data neat, organized, and nearby so processors can
retrieve it quickly. This 512KB L2 cache will give the processor a
little boost.
Hard drive: This notebook features a 160GB hard drive with more than
enough space for most collections of software and multimedia.
Go wireless: Built-in 802.11gb wireless LAN gives you a fast
connection to a wide range of networks and peripherals. Acer
SignalUp™ technology generates an omni-directional signal sphere for
superior signal reception and wider range, boosting your wireless
connection with more stability and faster data transfer.
Burn DVDs and CDs: Enjoy DVD movies, or share your files, music
mixes and home movies. You can burn double-layer DVDs and even DVD-
RAM discs—specially-formatted discs that let you drag and drop, or
write and rewrite your files up to 100,000 times.
Widescreen display: This bright 15.4” widescreen features 1280 x 800
pixel (WXGA) resolution, providing sharp detail and plenty of room
for whatever you want to view.
Microsoft® Windows® Vista™ Home Premium: This is the operating
system for homes with advanced computer needs. And Vista Premium
features the elegant new Aero interface. You’ll be able to use your
notebook more effectively and enjoy new entertainment experiences—
all with the benefit of added security and reliability.
Graphics and audio: Built-in ATI Radeon Xpress 1100 graphics and
512MB of shared system memory—drawn from main memory—can easily
handle widescreen movies and casual gaming. Built-in stereo speakers
with high-definition audio support will add to your multimedia
experience.
Built-in webcam: The built-in Acer OrbiCam™ allows friends and
family to see you in real-time. Connect a microphone (sold
separately) and turn your next instant message into a live video
chat with a webcam that boasts 225° rotation. Acer PrimaLite™
technology sharpens images and naturalizes skin tones.
Media card reader: Seamlessly transfer images from your digital
camera, MP3 player or camcorder. This 5-in-1 reader is compatible
with xD, Secure Digital, Memory Stick, Memory Stick Pro and
MultiMedia Card.
Rapid charging: Acer’s QuicCharge™ technology lets you charge this
notebook in no time. With the notebook off, you can complete a full
change in 2.5 hours. With the notebook on, you can fully charge in
just 3.5 hours.
Software bundle:
Microsoft Windows Vista Home Premium
Acer Arcade™, GridVista™ and Launch Manager
Norton Internet Security™ (90-day trial)
Adobe® Reader®
NTI CD-Maker™
cena: 2400zl
Temat: Newsy urodowe- nowosci Lauder na 2004/2005.
Newsy urodowe- nowosci Lauder na 2004/2005.
Skoro przyklasneliscie pomyslowi, zaczynam watek nowych produktow (
kosmetykow pielegnacyjnych i makijazu) planowanych na nastepne sezony.
Jako pierwsza, debiutuje Estee Lauder.
W sektorze zapachow, najwazniejsza premiera nadchodzacych miesiecy bedzie
meski Beyond Paradise, zas najbardziej oczekiwanym produktem pielegnacyjnym-
krem na dzien Future Perfect opozniajacy pierwsze oznaki starzenia.
Lauder postawila jednak na nowosci z dziedziny makijazu- pojawia sie nowe
produkty uzupelniajace istniejaca juz linie Pure Color, jak i zupelne nowosci.
Jesienia zadebiutuja w gamie Pure Color: plynny eyliner, potrojny zestaw
cieni, a takze, wraz z jesienna kolekcja- Pure Color Lip Tints- nawilzajaca
pomadka z pedzelkiem w 4 odcieniach. Wszystkie w znanych juz opakowaniach
przypominajacych kostki lodu- firma zarzucila pomysl wprowadzania nowego loga
i designu.
Pure Pops Brush-On-Color, to linia nowych blyszczykow o niespotykanym dotad
blasku ( dzieki duzej zawartosci mikrokrysztalow i miki)- kazdy z 10 kolorow
jest perfumowany np. arbuzem, gruszka, mieta, czy jablkiem.
Lash XL, to nowa maskara wydluzajaca ( ponizej opis po ang. z WWD), zas
najwieksza premiera szykowana jest na wiosne- bedzie to linia Prime FX, czyli
profesjonalne produkty udoskonalajce cere- bazy, korektory, rozswietlacze. (
opis rowniez ponizej).
z WWD o nowej Lash XL
" Lash XL Maximum Length Mascara, as well as a lip stain line, Pure Color
LipTints; a new lip gloss collection, Pure Pops Brush-On Color; Prime FX
Color Neutralizing Primers, a group of products designed to create the
illusion of perfect skin; and an extensive makeup brush line will join the
beauty giant’s offerings this fall.
Lash XL, coming in September, is the key offering among the color additions.
The mascara is designed to dramatically lengthen lashes with a proprietary
formula dubbed ElongEX, which combines liquid waxes and silk-infused fibers.
According to Anne Carullo, senior vice president of global product innovation
for Estée Lauder, “The formula works by matching positively charged fibers in
the mascara to negatively charged eyelashes, and it is then set in place by
stretchable polymers.”
A proprietary brush, which Lauder has dubbed the Super Traxion Brush,
combines stiff bristles, which apply the formula, with microbristles that
separate lashes to achieve maximum volume. The formula will be available in
four shades — black, brown, charcoal and blue — all retailing for $21, noted
Peter Lichtenthal, senior vice president of global marketing at Estée Lauder.
Daniel Annese, vice president of marketing, North America at Estée Lauder,
noted that national advertising for Lash XL, featuring spokesmodels Liya
Kebede and Carolyn Murphy, is slated for September fashion, beauty and
lifestyle magazines. He wouldn’t comment on projected sales or on advertising
and promotional spending for any of the new introductions, although industry
sources said they estimate that Lash XL will do about $20 million at retail
in its first year on counter and that its advertising and promotional budget
is around $3 million. "
Zdjecie:
www.wwd.com/images/articles/070904_18.jpg
Z WWD o nowej gamie Prime FX i profesjonalnych pedzlach ( premiera wiosna
2005):
"The Prime FX Color Neutralizing Primers, $25 each, are designed to be
applied before foundation, helping to correct skin tone and surface
irregularities, said Carullo. “The idea of transforming skin isn’t new, but
we wanted to create a line that was mistake-proof,” she said, adding that
extensive research was done with a wide range of ethnic groups in the U.S.,
Asia and Europe.
Lauder’s proprietary Photo Optic Technology, Carullo explained, is billed as
mistake-proof because it is designed to absorb skin’s light waves and
optically reflect them, helping to create the illusion of perfect skin. The
primers also contain gransil, a retexturizing silicone; silica beads, and
clear mica, she said, adding that unlike many other products, these do not
include titanium dioxide. And to further eliminate confusion, all shade names
are intended to be self-explanatory: Yellow Cuts Red, Red Cuts Blue, Blue
Cuts Yellow and Illuminator (the latter is designed to brighten all skin
tones).
The collection also includes Prime FX Face Definer, a dual-sided product that
has a dark end for contouring and a light end for highlighting, $25; Prime FX
Pro-Concealment Kit, which includes two color correctors, a line diffuser and
a setting powder, $25; Prime FX Lip Amplifying Base, $20, and Prime FX Makeup
Refresher, $18. All will be on counter in August.
Industry sources estimate that the Prime FX lineup will do about $7 million
at retail in its first year on counter and that about $650,000 will be spent
on advertising and promotion.
Lauder will beef up its previously incomplete applicator line in September
with the introduction of Pro Line Expert Makeup Brushes. The collection
consists of 14 brushes developed under the guidance of Paul Starr, director
of the Estée Lauder National Makeup Team, and his artists. The line includes
brushes for the following: foundation, $30; blush, $30; powder, $40;
concealer, $20; bronzer, $35; finishing, $20; eyeliner, $20; base-contour,
$22; large eye shadow, $25; small eye shadow, $18.50; eye-shadow blending,
$25; brow, $20; lip, $18.50, and face and body, $35. Also in the line are a
custom powder puff, $12.50; a pencil sharpener, $5, and makeup brush
cleanser, $15. Industry sources estimate that the makeup brush collection
will do about $9 million at retail in its first year."
Zdjecie:
www.wwd.com/images/articles/070904_20.jpg
Poki co, to wszystko o Lauder- w razie nowych info, dorzuce je jeszcze :-)
Temat: O konflikcie z USA i konstytucji UE
o naprawianiu stosunkow USA i konstytucji UE
wrzuce ten text, poruszono pare ciekawych tez...
Bush, Schroeder Denounce Iran Nuclear Aims
Feb 23, 8:11 AM (ET)
By TOM RAUM
MAINZ, Germany (AP) - President Bush and German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder
insisted Wednesday that Iran not develop nuclear weapons, and the two discussed
tactics on how to coax Tehran into giving up its nuclear ambitions.
"It's vital that the Iranians hear the world speak with one voice that they
shouldn't have a nuclear weapon," Bush said at a news conference with the
German leader. "Iran must not have a nuclear weapon, for the sake of security
and peace."
Bush and Schroeder remain far apart on the subject of how to make Iran give up
any plans it has to build such an arsenal, although both said they agreed that
the end result must be a nuclear-arms free Iran.
Schroeder sought to play down any differences the United States and Europe have
in convincing Iran to abandon its nuclear enrichment program.
"Iran must not have any nuclear weapons," Schroeder said. "They must waive any
right to the production thereof."
The two spoke during Bush's nine-hour stop here during his trip to Belgium,
Germany and Slovakia, where the president will meet Thursday with Russian
President Vladimir Putin. Bush and Schroeder seemed resigned to accept
differences between them on issues such as global warming and Iraq.
Germany did not support the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, but Schroeder
said, "That is the past."
"Now, our joint interest is that we come to a stable, democratic Iraq,"
Schroeder said.
Schroeder noted that while Germany has refused to go into that wartorn nation,
it is training Iraqi security officers in the United Arab Emirates.
"We are very much interested in not just continuing with these things, but to
also expand on those activities," Schroeder said, adding that Germany also
would be willing to help the new Iraqi government draft a constitution or set
up ministries.
Bush thanked Germany for its help in Iraq.
"I appreciated your kind words about Iraq and the need for us to put past
differences behind us," Bush said. "I fully understand the limitations of
German contributions."
Bush said Middle East peace was a major focus of their meeting. He vowed that
the United States will be heavily involved in helping the Israelis and
Palestinians obtain peace. "Because it is within reach it is vital for all of
us to work together to help both parties achieve the two-state solution," Bush
said.
Schroeder agreed, "I think there is hope today, and even more than hope
possibly that we will come to a solution."
The two remain far apart, however, on Europe's desire to end a 15-year-old arms
embargo on China. Bush has said that lifting the embargo, imposed after the
bloody 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown on pro-democracy activists, would change
the balance of relations between China and Taiwan.
Comments about Iran dominated the news conference that followed their more than
hour-long meeting.
Schroeder wants both sides to make conciliations, including extending
incentives to Iran for dropping its nuclear program. Such incentives would
include membership in the World Trade Organization. Bush, in contrast, insists
that Tehran must not be rewarded for breaking the nonproliferation treaty that
prohibits it from making nuclear fuel.
Bush also contends that Iran should not be given any incentives from the West
as long as it supports extremist groups inside of Israel, such as Hezbollah,
which the United States has placed on its list of groups sponsoring terrorists.
"They were caught enriching uranium," Bush said, remaining firm on his
insistence that Iran not be rewarded.
"They have breached a contract with the international community. They're the
party that needs to be held to account, not any of us," he said.
Bush also repeated that Syria must remove its forces from Lebanon, noting that
the United States and France were seeking a U.N. resolution to force Damascus
to do so, following increased tension after last week's assassination of a
former Lebanese prime minister.
"The charge is out there for the Syrian government to hear loud and clear,"
Bush said. "We will see how they respond before there's any further discussions
about going back to the United Nations."
Schroeder welcomed Bush during an arrival ceremony at a 17th century castle in
this city on the Rhine River. A light snow fell on the leaders as a military
band played the national anthems of each country and they walked a red carpet
to review a military honor guard. The two leaders posed with wide smiles for
photographs and Bush threw his arm around the chancellor.
Security for Bush's visit was so tight that nearly every street in downtown
Mainz was closed to traffic and barricaded. Bush also was to visit a museum
displaying the world's first printing presses, meet with young German
entrepreneurs and address U.S. troops at nearby Wiesbaden Air Base.
About 500 people braved wet snow and the heavy security in Mainz protest Bush's
visit.
A recent AP-Ipsos poll showed overwhelming Germany skepticism of Bush - about
four in five Germans say they don't agree with the president's determination to
promote democracy around the world.
The protesters carried placards reading "We don't Want your Kind of Peace"
and "Where Bush Is, There's War" and "Wanted Dead or Alive - George 'Dubya'
Bush and His Band of Congressmen."
no i drugi z wprosta
Odmrażanie Atlantyku
Tygodnik "Wprost", Nr 1159 (20 lutego 2005)
Waszyngtonowi bliżej teraz do Europy przez Brukselę niż przez Paryz i Berlin
Bartosz Jałowiecki
z Waszyngtonu
www.wprost.pl/ar/?O=73276&C=57
Lasso Schroedera
Tygodnik "Wprost", Nr 1159 (20 lutego 2005)
www.wprost.pl/ar/?O=73277&C=57
mowiac szczerze to mam malo czasu bo sie przygotowuje na male wakacje, wiec za
dwa dni wypije za was pierwsze piwo na plazy (a pozniej codziennie
kolejne...heheh)... hmmm ta zima mnie wkurza wiec plaza piwo i szum morza
karaibskiego powinny mi dobrze zrobic wroce w marcu ....
wiem ze co niektrorzy sie uciesza z mojej nieobecnosci...
pozdrowionka
Temat: USA/Biały Dom:Bush ma "Everest dowodów" przeciw...
Artykul z dzisiejszego The New York Times, mowiacy, ze w Iraku chodzi nie
tylko o rope dla USA, ale takze o wode dla Iaraela. No i podobno to nie Saddam
zagazowal Kurdow, ale Iran. Jeszcze ciekwsze to skad Iran mial gazy bojowe jak
nie od poprzednich wladcow....
A War Crime or an Act of War?
By STEPHEN C. PELLETIERE
ECHANICSBURG, Pa. — It was no surprise that President Bush, lacking smoking-
gun evidence of Iraq's weapons programs, used his State of the Union address
to re-emphasize the moral case for an invasion: "The dictator who is
assembling the world's most dangerous weapons has already used them on whole
villages, leaving thousands of his own citizens dead, blind or disfigured."
The accusation that Iraq has used chemical weapons against its citizens is a
familiar part of the debate. The piece of hard evidence most frequently
brought up concerns the gassing of Iraqi Kurds at the town of Halabja in March
1988, near the end of the eight-year Iran-Iraq war. President Bush himself has
cited Iraq's "gassing its own people," specifically at Halabja, as a reason to
topple Saddam Hussein.
But the truth is, all we know for certain is that Kurds were bombarded with
poison gas that day at Halabja. We cannot say with any certainty that Iraqi
chemical weapons killed the Kurds. This is not the only distortion in the
Halabja story.
I am in a position to know because, as the Central Intelligence Agency's
senior political analyst on Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war, and as a professor
at the Army War College from 1988 to 2000, I was privy to much of the
classified material that flowed through Washington having to do with the
Persian Gulf. In addition, I headed a 1991 Army investigation into how the
Iraqis would fight a war against the United States; the classified version of
the report went into great detail on the Halabja affair.
This much about the gassing at Halabja we undoubtedly know: it came about in
the course of a battle between Iraqis and Iranians. Iraq used chemical weapons
to try to kill Iranians who had seized the town, which is in northern Iraq not
far from the Iranian border. The Kurdish civilians who died had the misfortune
to be caught up in that exchange. But they were not Iraq's main target.
And the story gets murkier: immediately after the battle the United States
Defense Intelligence Agency investigated and produced a classified report,
which it circulated within the intelligence community on a need-to-know basis.
That study asserted that it was Iranian gas that killed the Kurds, not Iraqi
gas.
The agency did find that each side used gas against the other in the battle
around Halabja. The condition of the dead Kurds' bodies, however, indicated
they had been killed with a blood agent — that is, a cyanide-based gas — which
Iran was known to use. The Iraqis, who are thought to have used mustard gas in
the battle, are not known to have possessed blood agents at the time.
These facts have long been in the public domain but, extraordinarily, as often
as the Halabja affair is cited, they are rarely mentioned. A much-discussed
article in The New Yorker last March did not make reference to the Defense
Intelligence Agency report or consider that Iranian gas might have killed the
Kurds. On the rare occasions the report is brought up, there is usually
speculation, with no proof, that it was skewed out of American political
favoritism toward Iraq in its war against Iran.
I am not trying to rehabilitate the character of Saddam Hussein. He has much
to answer for in the area of human rights abuses. But accusing him of gassing
his own people at Halabja as an act of genocide is not correct, because as far
as the information we have goes, all of the cases where gas was used involved
battles. These were tragedies of war. There may be justifications for invading
Iraq, but Halabja is not one of them.
In fact, those who really feel that the disaster at Halabja has bearing on
today might want to consider a different question: Why was Iran so keen on
taking the town? A closer look may shed light on America's impetus to invade
Iraq.
We are constantly reminded that Iraq has perhaps the world's largest reserves
of oil. But in a regional and perhaps even geopolitical sense, it may be more
important that Iraq has the most extensive river system in the Middle East. In
addition to the Tigris and Euphrates, there are the Greater Zab and Lesser Zab
rivers in the north of the country. Iraq was covered with irrigation works by
the sixth century A.D., and was a granary for the region.
Before the Persian Gulf war, Iraq had built an impressive system of dams and
river control projects, the largest being the Darbandikhan dam in the Kurdish
area. And it was this dam the Iranians were aiming to take control of when
they seized Halabja. In the 1990's there was much discussion over the
construction of a so-called Peace Pipeline that would bring the waters of the
Tigris and Euphrates south to the parched Gulf states and, by extension,
Israel. No progress has been made on this, largely because of Iraqi
intransigence. With Iraq in American hands, of course, all that could change.
Thus America could alter the destiny of the Middle East in a way that probably
could not be challenged for decades — not solely by controlling Iraq's oil,
but by controlling its water. Even if America didn't occupy the country, once
Mr. Hussein's Baath Party is driven from power, many lucrative opportunities
would open up for American companies.
All that is needed to get us into war is one clear reason for acting, one that
would be generally persuasive. But efforts to link the Iraqis directly to
Osama bin Laden have proved inconclusive. Assertions that Iraq threatens its
neighbors have also failed to create much resolve; in its present debilitated
condition — thanks to United Nations sanctions — Iraq's conventional forces
threaten no one.
Perhaps the strongest argument left for taking us to war quickly is that
Saddam Hussein has committed human rights atrocities against his people. And
the most dramatic case are the accusations about Halabja.
Before we go to war over Halabja, the administration owes the American people
the full facts. And if it has other examples of Saddam Hussein gassing Kurds,
it must show that they were not pro-Iranian Kurdish guerrillas who died
fighting alongside Iranian Revolutionary Guards. Until Washington gives us
proof of Saddam Hussein's supposed atrocities, why are we picking on Iraq on
human rights grounds, particularly when there are so many other repressive
regimes Washington supports?
Stephen C. Pelletiere is author of "Iraq and the International Oil System: Why
America Went to War in the Persian Gulf."
Temat: Europa podzielona w sprawie Iraku - z Bushem cz...
Interesujacy artykul. Jednak jego wada jest, ze autorka stawia praktycznie znak
rownosci miedzy faktami a przypuszczeniami.
A co kolega powie o opublikowanym w NY Timesie ponizszym artykule?
A War Crime or an Act of War?
By STEPHEN C. PELLETIERE
ECHANICSBURG, Pa. — It was no surprise that President Bush, lacking smoking-
gun evidence of Iraq's weapons programs, used his State of the Union address
to re-emphasize the moral case for an invasion: "The dictator who is
assembling the world's most dangerous weapons has already used them on whole
villages, leaving thousands of his own citizens dead, blind or disfigured."
The accusation that Iraq has used chemical weapons against its citizens is a
familiar part of the debate. The piece of hard evidence most frequently
brought up concerns the gassing of Iraqi Kurds at the town of Halabja in March
1988, near the end of the eight-year Iran-Iraq war. President Bush himself has
cited Iraq's "gassing its own people," specifically at Halabja, as a reason to
topple Saddam Hussein.
But the truth is, all we know for certain is that Kurds were bombarded with
poison gas that day at Halabja. We cannot say with any certainty that Iraqi
chemical weapons killed the Kurds. This is not the only distortion in the
Halabja story.
I am in a position to know because, as the Central Intelligence Agency's
senior political analyst on Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war, and as a professor
at the Army War College from 1988 to 2000, I was privy to much of the
classified material that flowed through Washington having to do with the
Persian Gulf. In addition, I headed a 1991 Army investigation into how the
Iraqis would fight a war against the United States; the classified version of
the report went into great detail on the Halabja affair.
This much about the gassing at Halabja we undoubtedly know: it came about in
the course of a battle between Iraqis and Iranians. Iraq used chemical weapons
to try to kill Iranians who had seized the town, which is in northern Iraq not
far from the Iranian border. The Kurdish civilians who died had the misfortune
to be caught up in that exchange. But they were not Iraq's main target.
And the story gets murkier: immediately after the battle the United States
Defense Intelligence Agency investigated and produced a classified report,
which it circulated within the intelligence community on a need-to-know basis.
That study asserted that it was Iranian gas that killed the Kurds, not Iraqi
gas.
The agency did find that each side used gas against the other in the battle
around Halabja. The condition of the dead Kurds' bodies, however, indicated
they had been killed with a blood agent — that is, a cyanide-based gas — which
Iran was known to use. The Iraqis, who are thought to have used mustard gas in
the battle, are not known to have possessed blood agents at the time.
These facts have long been in the public domain but, extraordinarily, as often
as the Halabja affair is cited, they are rarely mentioned. A much-discussed
article in The New Yorker last March did not make reference to the Defense
Intelligence Agency report or consider that Iranian gas might have killed the
Kurds. On the rare occasions the report is brought up, there is usually
speculation, with no proof, that it was skewed out of American political
favoritism toward Iraq in its war against Iran.
I am not trying to rehabilitate the character of Saddam Hussein. He has much
to answer for in the area of human rights abuses. But accusing him of gassing
his own people at Halabja as an act of genocide is not correct, because as far
as the information we have goes, all of the cases where gas was used involved
battles. These were tragedies of war. There may be justifications for invading
Iraq, but Halabja is not one of them.
In fact, those who really feel that the disaster at Halabja has bearing on
today might want to consider a different question: Why was Iran so keen on
taking the town? A closer look may shed light on America's impetus to invade
Iraq.
We are constantly reminded that Iraq has perhaps the world's largest reserves
of oil. But in a regional and perhaps even geopolitical sense, it may be more
important that Iraq has the most extensive river system in the Middle East. In
addition to the Tigris and Euphrates, there are the Greater Zab and Lesser Zab
rivers in the north of the country. Iraq was covered with irrigation works by
the sixth century A.D., and was a granary for the region.
Before the Persian Gulf war, Iraq had built an impressive system of dams and
river control projects, the largest being the Darbandikhan dam in the Kurdish
area. And it was this dam the Iranians were aiming to take control of when
they seized Halabja. In the 1990's there was much discussion over the
construction of a so-called Peace Pipeline that would bring the waters of the
Tigris and Euphrates south to the parched Gulf states and, by extension,
Israel. No progress has been made on this, largely because of Iraqi
intransigence. With Iraq in American hands, of course, all that could change.
Thus America could alter the destiny of the Middle East in a way that probably
could not be challenged for decades — not solely by controlling Iraq's oil,
but by controlling its water. Even if America didn't occupy the country, once
Mr. Hussein's Baath Party is driven from power, many lucrative opportunities
would open up for American companies.
All that is needed to get us into war is one clear reason for acting, one that
would be generally persuasive. But efforts to link the Iraqis directly to
Osama bin Laden have proved inconclusive. Assertions that Iraq threatens its
neighbors have also failed to create much resolve; in its present debilitated
condition — thanks to United Nations sanctions — Iraq's conventional forces
threaten no one.
Perhaps the strongest argument left for taking us to war quickly is that
Saddam Hussein has committed human rights atrocities against his people. And
the most dramatic case are the accusations about Halabja.
Before we go to war over Halabja, the administration owes the American people
the full facts. And if it has other examples of Saddam Hussein gassing Kurds,
it must show that they were not pro-Iranian Kurdish guerrillas who died
fighting alongside Iranian Revolutionary Guards. Until Washington gives us
proof of Saddam Hussein's supposed atrocities, why are we picking on Iraq on
human rights grounds, particularly when there are so many other repressive
regimes Washington supports?
Stephen C. Pelletiere is author of "Iraq and the International Oil System: Why
America Went to War in the Persian Gulf."
Temat: Saddam i zagłada Kurdów
Sprawa H. jest przekłamana - były prac. CIA.Gaz US
Www.stopwojnie.w.pl
Gazy dostarczał m.in. SEARLE D.Rumsfelda
www.strike-free.net/en/ls_en/nion_en.htm
A z "zagazowaniem" też sprawa wygląda 'trochę inaczej";)
Who Really Gassed the Kurds? A War Crime or an Act of War?
By STEPHEN C. PELLETIERE, były pracownik CIA
ECHANICSBURG, Pa. — It was no surprise that President Bush, lacking smoking-
gun evidence of Iraq's weapons programs, used his State of the Union address
to re-emphasize the moral case for an invasion: "The dictator who is
assembling the world's most dangerous weapons has already used them on whole
villages, leaving thousands of his own citizens dead, blind or disfigured."
The accusation that Iraq has used chemical weapons against its citizens is a
familiar part of the debate. The piece of hard evidence most frequently
brought up concerns the gassing of Iraqi Kurds at the town of Halabja in March
1988, near the end of the eight-year Iran-Iraq war. President Bush himself has
cited Iraq's "gassing its own people," specifically at Halabja, as a reason to
topple Saddam Hussein.
But the truth is, all we know for certain is that Kurds were bombarded with
poison gas that day at Halabja. We cannot say with any certainty that Iraqi
chemical weapons killed the Kurds. This is not the only distortion in the
Halabja story.
I am in a position to know because, as the Central Intelligence Agency's
senior political analyst on Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war, and as a professor
at the Army War College from 1988 to 2000, I was privy to much of the
classified material that flowed through Washington having to do with the
Persian Gulf. In addition, I headed a 1991 Army investigation into how the
Iraqis would fight a war against the United States; the classified version of
the report went into great detail on the Halabja affair.
This much about the gassing at Halabja we undoubtedly know: it came about in
the course of a battle between Iraqis and Iranians. Iraq used chemical weapons
to try to kill Iranians who had seized the town, which is in northern Iraq not
far from the Iranian border. The Kurdish civilians who died had the misfortune
to be caught up in that exchange. But they were not Iraq's main target.
And the story gets murkier: immediately after the battle the United States
Defense Intelligence Agency investigated and produced a classified report,
which it circulated within the intelligence community on a need-to-know basis.
That study asserted that it was Iranian gas that killed the Kurds, not Iraqi
gas.
The agency did find that each side used gas against the other in the battle
around Halabja. The condition of the dead Kurds' bodies, however, indicated
they had been killed with a blood agent — that is, a cyanide-based gas — which
Iran was known to use. The Iraqis, who are thought to have used mustard gas in
the battle, are not known to have possessed blood agents at the time.
These facts have long been in the public domain but, extraordinarily, as often
as the Halabja affair is cited, they are rarely mentioned. A much-discussed
article in The New Yorker last March did not make reference to the Defense
Intelligence Agency report or consider that Iranian gas might have killed the
Kurds. On the rare occasions the report is brought up, there is usually
speculation, with no proof, that it was skewed out of American political
favoritism toward Iraq in its war against Iran.
I am not trying to rehabilitate the character of Saddam Hussein. He has much
to answer for in the area of human rights abuses. But accusing him of gassing
his own people at Halabja as an act of genocide is not correct, because as far
as the information we have goes, all of the cases where gas was used involved
battles. These were tragedies of war. There may be justifications for invading
Iraq, but Halabja is not one of them.
In fact, those who really feel that the disaster at Halabja has bearing on
today might want to consider a different question: Why was Iran so keen on
taking the town? A closer look may shed light on America's impetus to invade
Iraq.
We are constantly reminded that Iraq has perhaps the world's largest reserves
of oil. But in a regional and perhaps even geopolitical sense, it may be more
important that Iraq has the most extensive river system in the Middle East. In
addition to the Tigris and Euphrates, there are the Greater Zab and Lesser Zab
rivers in the north of the country. Iraq was covered with irrigation works by
the sixth century A.D., and was a granary for the region.
Before the Persian Gulf war, Iraq had built an impressive system of dams and
river control projects, the largest being the Darbandikhan dam in the Kurdish
area. And it was this dam the Iranians were aiming to take control of when
they seized Halabja. In the 1990's there was much discussion over the
construction of a so-called Peace Pipeline that would bring the waters of the
Tigris and Euphrates south to the parched Gulf states and, by extension,
Israel. No progress has been made on this, largely because of Iraqi
intransigence. With Iraq in American hands, of course, all that could change.
Thus America could alter the destiny of the Middle East in a way that probably
could not be challenged for decades — not solely by controlling Iraq's oil,
but by controlling its water. Even if America didn't occupy the country, once
Mr. Hussein's Baath Party is driven from power, many lucrative opportunities
would open up for American companies.
All that is needed to get us into war is one clear reason for acting, one that
would be generally persuasive. But efforts to link the Iraqis directly to
Osama bin Laden have proved inconclusive. Assertions that Iraq threatens its
neighbors have also failed to create much resolve; in its present debilitated
condition — thanks to United Nations sanctions — Iraq's conventional forces
threaten no one.
Perhaps the strongest argument left for taking us to war quickly is that
Saddam Hussein has committed human rights atrocities against his people. And
the most dramatic case are the accusations about Halabja.
Before we go to war over Halabja, the administration owes the American people
the full facts. And if it has other examples of Saddam Hussein gassing Kurds,
it must show that they were not pro-Iranian Kurdish guerrillas who died
fighting alongside Iranian Revolutionary Guards. Until Washington gives us
proof of Saddam Hussein's supposed atrocities, why are we picking on Iraq on
human rights grounds, particularly when there are so many other repressive
regimes Washington supports?
Stephen C. Pelletiere is author of "Iraq and the International Oil System: Why
America Went to War in the Persian Gulf."
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